Pharmacological Management of Heart Failure and Angina

Pharmacological management of heart failure and angina involves the use of various drug classes aimed at alleviating symptoms, improving survival, and preventing disease progression. In heart failure, standard treatment regimens include angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, and, more recently, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs). These medications work synergistically to reduce the burden on the heart, improve cardiac output, and mitigate the neurohormonal changes that drive heart failure progression.

For angina, the pharmacological approach focuses on reducing myocardial oxygen demand and enhancing coronary blood flow. Nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and beta-blockers are commonly prescribed to relieve symptoms and prevent anginal episodes. Antiplatelet therapy and statins are also used to manage underlying atherosclerosis, reducing the risk of myocardial infarction. The integration of these therapies has significantly improved the prognosis for patients with both heart failure and angina.

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