Hypertension ,commonly called as high blood pressure, which can also be a major medical  review. Hypertension does not usually show any symptoms, and even not diagnosed in the early stages. It is one of the important cause of heart attack, stroke, kidney disease, and other serious medical problems.

As it  is so common and consequential, it is important for everyone to have their blood pressure checked periodically.  The  blood pressure that is higher than the desirable range, but not high enough to be labelled hypertension which would be 120/80mmhg given as Prehypertension.

It is a condition where the arteries become hardened, narrowed due to buildup of plaque around the artery wall and disrupts the blood flow throughout the body. It is also known as arteriosclerotic vascular disease.

Heart disease outlines various conditions which can be affected to the heart . Diseases under the heart include blood vessel diseases, such as coronary artery disease; heart defects you're born with (congenital heart defects), among others.

The term "heart disease" is often used interchangeably with the term "cardiovascular disease." Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions involving the  blocked, narrowed blood vessels that leads  to a heart attack, stroke & chest pain (angina). Other heart conditions, such as those that affect your heart's muscle also are considered as the heart diseases.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition in which the function of heart is inadequate to meet the body's needs.The pumping efficiency of heart can be impaired through many diseases by causing the congestive heart failure

The diagnosis test of CHF is based on knowledge of the selected laboratory tests , individual's medical history and a careful physical examination.The treatment of congestive heart failure includes mechanical therapies, addressing potentially reversible factors, medications, heart transplant, and lifestyle modifications.The duration of CHF can be variable in any given patient.

Molecular cardiology is a new, fast-growing area of cardiovascular medicine that aims to apply molecular biology techniques for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention, mechanistic investigation of cardiovascular disease. As it is an emerging, it has changed the conceptual thinking of cardiovascular development, pathophysiology and etiology of disease.

Although molecular cardiology at a very early stage, has opened a promising avenue for controlling & understanding the cardiovascular disease.

A cardiac device is used to stable your heart beat with a normal rhythm and its heart rate. There are several types of devices available by which we can get rid of this type of heart failure.

An implantable viscus electronic device (ICD) is an device which may be placed within the body, additionally puts your regular recurrence perpetually by repulsing alittle shock to the guts muscle if the rhythm gets abnormal (arrhythmia). Therefore, ICD sends a quick impulse to the guts muscle to induce it into a standard rhythm. AN ICD will facilitate scale back your risk of fast asystole (SCA).

Cardiovascular materia medica is that the field that primarily targets to the adverse effects on the center or blood systems that result from exposure to cyanogenic chemicals. It elaborates safety knowledge of prejudicial effects of latest vas medicines. Pharmacological medicine of vascular epithelium deals with modifications of epithelial tissue cells and also the vasculature play a vital half within the pathologic process of a good vary of the foremost dreadful of human diseases, as epithelial tissue cells have the important role of collaborating within the maintenance of patent and purposeful capillaries.

• Neurodegenerative Disorders
• Drug addiction and Alcohol Dependence
• Circadian Rhythm Disorders

New tests are perpetually being developed to additional the understanding of illness, injury, and innate (present at birth) or nonheritable abnormalities of the center. These are simply some of the tests that are wont to diagnose heart and vas illness (cardiovascular).

• Electrocardiogram (ECG). This check records the electrical activity of the center, shows abnormal rhythms (arrhythmias), and might generally sight cardiac muscle injury.
• Stress test ( also called treadmill or exercise ECG). This can be done to observe the guts whereas you walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bike. Your doctor conjointly monitors your respiration and vital sign. A check is also accustomed find arteria coronaria sickness, or to work out safe levels of exercise once a coronary failure or surgical procedure. This check also can be done victimisation special medicines that stress the guts in an exceedingly similar manner as exercise will.

Cardiac nursing could be a unit of study designed to explore problems specific to nursing apply within the internal organ crucial care that works with patients who are suffering from numerous conditions of the vascular system. internal organ nurses facilitate treat diseases like sensitive angina, cardiopathy, arteria coronaria diseases, symptom cardiovascular disease, infarction and internal organ dysrhythmia, surgical management of cardiovascular disease and secondary interference ways beneath the steering heart surgeon. They monitor and treat acutely unwell patients plagued by numerous internal organ diseases and disorders. like the middle for sickness management, cardiovascular disease is that the leading explanation for death globally.

Excess weight, particularly central or abdominal fatness, considerably will increase the danger for cardiopathy. The association of fatness with vessel risk factors, like high pressure, high sterol and polygenic disease, has been well established. Overweight and obesity are known to increase blood pressure. High blood pressure is the leading cause of strokes.Obesity and overweight are linked to several factors that increase ones risk for cardiovascular disease(coronary artery disease and stroke):

• High blood lipids, especially high triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Impaired glucose tolerance or type-2 (also called adult onset) diabetes
• Metabolic syndrome

Nuclear cardiology studies use noninvasive techniques to assess myocardial blood flow, evaluate the pumping function of the heart as well as visualize the size and location of a heart attack. Among the techniques of nuclear cardiology, myocardial perfusion imaging is the most widely used.

Cardiac CT is a heart-imaging test that uses CT technology with or without intravenous (IV) contrast (dye) to visualize the heart anatomy, coronary circulation, and great vessels (which includes the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries).

Cardiac regeneration could be a broad effort that aims to repair irreversibly broken heart tissue with with-it science, together with vegetative cell and acellular medical aid.

Reparative tools are built to revive broken heart tissue and performance exploitation the body's aptitude to regenerate.

Cardiology considerations with diseases and disorders of the center, like arteria  coronaria malady and symptom heart condition. The field includes diagnosing and treatment of inherent heart defects, arteria coronaria malady, heart condition, tube heart condition and electrophysiology.Although the center and vascular system form up your vascular system.

Heart works as a pump that pushes blood to the organs, tissues, and cells of your body. Blood delivers element and nutrients to each cell and removes the greenhouse emission and waste product created by those cells.

Pediatric medicine concern all aspects of cardiovascular disease in infants, children, and adolescents, as well as biological science and anatomy, physiology and pharmacological medicine, organic chemistry, pathology, genetics, radiology, clinical aspects, investigatory medicine, electrophysiology and echocardiography, cardiac surgery. Pediatric medicine is accountable for the diagnosing of nonheritable heart defects, acting diagnostic procedures like echocardiograms, internal organ catheterizations and electrophysiology studies. The increasing variety of neonates with nonheritable heart defects said the infant medical care unit reflects the increasing awareness that the defects could also be gift. Chest radiography and cardiogram seldom assist within the infant diagnosing.

The growth of cardiac applications of imaging techniques not traditionally handled by cardiologists such as cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and multidetector computed tomography (MSCT) requires great attention. Traditionally, cardiologists have been able to integrate all the diagnostic techniques into the cardiovasculardepartment in order to facilitate an integrated delivery of care. To an extent this has happened also for nuclear cardiology, a field where cooperation with other nuclear medicine specialists is commonplace, but the presence of cardiology specialists during the stress examination and for the interpretation of results is mostly accepted.

Heart attack in ladies is current cardiovascular disease & the symptoms square measure sometimes includes pain, pressure or discomfort within the chest. However it is not always in considerate or even the most prominent symptoms.Women could even have heart failure with none manifestations . Women are more prone to heart attack when compared to men & more likely to have symptoms unrelated to chest pain, such as:

•     Shortness of breath
•     Pain in arms
•     Nausea & vomiting
•     Sweating
•     Unusal fatigue
•     Neck, jaw, upper back, shoulder & abdominal discomfort

Vascular unwellness is any abnormalcy of the blood vessels (arteries and veins). The body uses blood vessels to flow into blood through itself. Problems on this Brobdingnagian network will cause severe incapacity and death.Vascular diseases outside the center will “present” themselves anyplace.

The most common tube diseases square measure stroke, peripheral artery unwellness (PAD), abdominal aneurysm (AAA), artery unwellness (CAD), blood vessel malformation (AVM), vital limb anemia (CLI), embolism (bloodclots), deep vein occlusion (DVT), chronic blood vessel insufficiency (CVI), and unhealthy veins.

Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle. These diseases have several causes, signs and symptoms additionally as treatments. In most cases, heart disease causes the guts muscle to become enlarged, thick or rigid. In rare instances, pathological cardiac muscle tissue is replaced with connective tissue.

As cardiomyopathy worsens, the heart becomes weaker. The heart becomes less ready to pump blood throughout the body and incapable of maintaining a standard electrical rhythm. The result may be cardiopathy or irregular heartbeats known as arrhythmias. A weakened heart can also cause different complications, like heart valve issues.

The main types of cardiomyopathy are:                         

• Dilated cardiomyopathy
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy
• Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
• Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM)

Cardiovascular Engineering encompasses a large vary of medical specialty and engineering comes targeted at understanding the mechanisms and coverings of vessel health, disease, and regeneration. Engineering sciences of fluid dynamics and solid mechanics are integrated with biology and diseases of the heart, heart valves, vasculature, and lymphatics with a rapidly growing emphasis on pediatric cardiovascular diseases.This thrust additionally covers vessel regeneration or repair victimization up-to-date technologies together with stem cells, biomaterials, and nanotechnologies.

Biomedical engineers in our department collaborate with active clinicians and clinical investigators, medical specialty imaging scientists, and basic vessel biologists victimization experimental and process approaches asking queries spanning the genes and small molecules to cellular and organ levels that, in most cases square measure integrative and multi-scale.

Fluid dynamics and mechanics of blood square measure being studied within the heart, heart valves, all major vessels, tube-shaped structure grafts, and therefore the peripheral vasculature victimization in vitro, in vivo, multi-scale.Research related to mechanical heart valves, new bioprosthetic styles, and compound trileaflet valve prostheses is internationally recognized, as is analysis in blood vessel hemodynamics, epithelium cell biology, and their rolesin atherosclerosis and arterial remodeling.

New areas of analysis embrace fluid dynamics of occlusion, aneurysms, and RBC sickness.

Neurocardiology is that the study of the neuroscience, neurologic and neuroanatomic aspects of medical specialty, together with particularly the neurologic origins of internal organ disorders.The effects of stress on the center area unit studied in terms of the heart's interactions with each the peripheral system and also the central system.

Clinical problems in neurocardiology embrace hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, animal tissue stress cardiopathy,cerebral embolism, brain disease, neurological sequelae of internal organ and pectoral surgery and internal organ interventions, and vessel  findings in patients with primary neurological disease.

The objective of the Sports medical specialty is to figure with the athletes on the spectrum competitive exercisers, skilled athletes to weekend warriors to assist them reach these goals.

Sudden cardiopulmonary arrest (SCA) is that the one amongst the most reasons of death in exertion young athletes, and is mostly set out by issues like structural heart disorders or electrical electronic equipment problems that aren't usually found throughout routine physical examinations.

Most of the conditions that cause sudden viscous death in young athletes are determined by Associate in Nursing ECG (ECG or EKG), a non-invasive check that calculates the electrical activity of the heart.

Cardiology Conferences focuses on the present analysis in medicine wherever the new innovative ways that square measure rising within the field of medicine.

It gives a brief explanation on Interventional cardiology, Cardiac Nursing, Thrombolytic therapy and Cardiac rehabilitation. There square measure several associations and societies associated with General medicine, Interventional medicine, medical specialty medicine etc., in USA.

Cardiovascular agents are medicines that are used to treat medical conditions associated with the heart or the circulatory system (blood vessels), such as arrhythmias, blood clots, coronary artery disease, high or low blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart failure, and stroke.